Hydro-chemical Time-Series for Cairo-Nile Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Abstract

The study of hydro-chemical time-series data for study area   and atmospheric moisture holds significant importance. By analyzing these data sets, researchers gain valuable insights into the dynamics of water resources and atmospheric conditions in the region. The aims of the current study are to start a record for Cairo-Nile hydrogeochemical changes, Estimate Cairo atmospheric moisture isotopic composition. The results focus that on winter the evaporation rate is lower due to the decrease in temperature, resulting in lower EC values. However, the opposite occurred, and the reason can be attributed to the salts that precipitated at the beginning of evaporation. The main reason for this is the deposition of calcite and sodium silicate. Calcite represents approximately 90% of the deposited salts, while 10% consists of sodium silicate. Calcite has a very peculiar property compared to other minerals, as most minerals dissolve as temperature rises, whereas calcite precipitates. The pH level in the winter season attains 7.8. This occurrence can be attributed to the precipitation of calcite, which results in the release of carbon dioxide from the water and the transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium bicarbonate. Consequently, there is a rise in the pH level. The Nile water evaporation is a steady-state process, so the EC values show ups and downs in relation to the inflow and weather conditions. In contrast, evaporation in Class-A pan experiment is unsteady process. Accordingly, salinity is ever increasing in the residual water. This loss to follow by the isotopic data and the change in the concentration of a conservative ion (e.g., Cl- ion). Conclusion, this study provides important insights into the hydrogeochemical dynamics of the Cairo-Nile system and the influence of evaporation processes on water quality. The findings contribute to a better understanding of water resource management in the region and can inform future strategies for sustainable water use.