Development and Validation of Motivational Manipulative Learning Materials (MMLMs) for the Least-Learned Competencies of Grade 9 Trigonometry

Abstract

This study presents the development and validation of Motivational Manipulative Learning Materials (MMLMs) aimed at improving the least-learned competencies in Grade 9 trigonometry. The study focuses on enhancing mathematics performance, addressing teaching challenges, and emphasizing real-life applications of trigonometry. Specifically, the competencies identified as least developed include effectively illustrating the six trigonometric ratios and accurately determining the trigonometric ratios of special angles. The study utilizes the combined Mean Percentage Score (MPS) to identify the least-learned skill and to inform the creation of the MMLMs. The developed MMLMs, named "Wheel of the Trigonometric Values," undergo validation by usability and content experts. The content validity criteria, including alignment and organization, demonstrate high mean scores, indicating the suitability of the MMLMs for Grade 9 Math. Similarly, the usability validation criteria, such as "other factors" and "expenses," receive positive mean scores. The evaluations from the experts suggest that the MMLMs are highly suitable and appropriate for enhancing the teaching and learning experience in Grade 9 Math. The findings of this study contribute to the field of mathematics education by providing educators with effective tools to address the least-learned competencies in trigonometry, promoting student engagement and understanding. Future research can explore the implementation and impact of the MMLMs in classroom settings to further assess their effectiveness in improving trigonometry learning outcomes.