https://cosmosscholars.com/phms/index.php/jcmru/issue/feed 2017-03-07T05:27:11-05:00 Support Manager support@cosmosscholars.com Open Journal Systems <strong>Journal of Clinical Medicine Research Updates</strong> is an international peer reviewed journal related to latest advances in all areas of clinical medicine. It provides most complete and reliable source of information on the discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc within the area of clinical medicine. The journal seeks to encourage high standards of medical care by promoting good clinical practice .We welcomes manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care. https://cosmosscholars.com/phms/index.php/jcmru/article/view/704 2017-02-01T06:49:07-05:00 Jonay Perera-Gil JONAY_PG@hotmail.com Rodrigo Chacón-Ferrera info@cosmosscholars.com Mª Ángeles Ferrera- Fernández info@cosmosscholars.com Rosa Candelas info@cosmosscholars.com

<p class="04-abstract"><em>Objective:</em> Knowing the characteristics of health tourism and to develop a theoretical framework exploring empirical evidence the health tourism in Spain studying major competitive methods, the aim is to objectively examine the lines of action being taken by the clinics to then offer a theory of how to compete successfully in the medical tourism business.</p><p class="04-abstract"><em>Method:</em> Apply a descriptive quantitative approach to analyze data collected through a questionnaire distributed to 148 clinics in 50 provinces, in 2011.</p><p class="04-abstract"><em>Results:</em> Tourist offers medical services are mainly aimed at German, British and French citizens. 91.46% of the centers surveyed say their services are designed for tourists. There are agreements with hotels / apartments according to 59.52% of the sample, stating that the 66.67% refuse to work with health tourism and wellness, which could offer service centers / clinics in the rest of Spain and abroad.</p><p class="04-abstract"><em>Conclusions:</em> There is a high demand for health tourism. Tour operators play an important role in the management of these services, as well as in the design of travel packages and medical services adapted to the expectations and needs of tourists. The most popular services include: emergencies, plastic surgery, and clinical analyses.</p><p class="04-abstract">It is noted that there is a strong presence of marketing and advertising around the sector, as well as efforts by hospitals to train employees to this section of business.</p>

2017-02-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Clinical Medicine Research Updates https://cosmosscholars.com/phms/index.php/jcmru/article/view/715 2017-03-07T05:27:11-05:00 Lunawati L Bennett llbennett@uu.edu

<p class="04-abstract"><em>Objective:</em> To review available ocular formulation and delivery for the treatment of eye diseases, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the ophthalmic formulation and delivery due to the complexity anatomical of the eye.</p><p class="04-abstract"><em>Data Sources:</em> A literature search through Pub Med (1984 – December 2016) was performed using the key words: ocular barrier, posterior segment, anterior segment, disease of the eye, peptide delivery, ocular delivery, ophthalmic.</p><p class="04-abstract"><em>Study Selection and Data Extraction:</em> Articles in English identified from reviews, abstracts, and presentations on eye formulation and delivery were included.</p><em>Conclusion:</em> Effective treatment of ocular diseases has been difficult challenges due to the nature of the disease, the presence of the ocular barriers, and the unique structure of the eye. Within the last 2 decades, challenges in drug delivery have been partially met through modification of the ophthalmic formulations using viscosity enhancing polymers, hydrogels; through formulation of novel drugs approach using prodrugs, gene therapy and peptide delivery; and through making the drug particles smaller using nano-formulations techniques which all are aimed to increase the drug’s retention time in the eye, to have the least side effects, and to be minimally invasive. However, there are many more challenges that need to be addressed including: the application from the research bench top using rabbit or cadaver into patients’ specific diseases, decreasing the toxicities of the formulations, and making the ophthalmic formulations and deliveries safe, well-tolerated and cost efficient.

2017-03-03T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c)