Application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems as Neural Interface

Abstract

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology comprises of developing miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanical elements such that the physical dimensions of these devices vary from micron to few millimeters in size.In various human disease disorders, the neural or body regulatory tissues are incapable of conveying commands directly to the target organ and unable to receive appropriate information from receptor mechanism to decide the future course of action. The MEMS based devices are playing important assistive role by becoming crucial interface in treating such disorders. These devices are increasingly being deployed inside the body at sub tissue levels to fulfill information receipt or command transmission gap, thereby enabling the governing tissue opportunity and environment to work effectively, leading to improvement in the neural signal recording and quality of life of the concerned individual. The aim of this paper is to review the present and future of MEMS based devices widely being employed as neural interface in penetrating probes, nerve regeneration, neuron culture and drug delivery devices depending on type of treatment provided to specific neural disorders. Further, they have been recently employed in developing advanced neuro-computer, nerve stimulators, wheel chair control based on head and hand movements and in medical robotics. Due to their stability, biocompatibility, usage and wider acceptability these MEMS based neural interface devices are providing future hope for their deployment in conquering various neurological disorders.