<i>Sanguinaria Canadensis</i>: Sanguinarine Containing Potent Medicinal Roots and Rhizomes of Broad Antimicrobial and Anti- Inflammatory Activities

Abstract

Abstract: Sanguinaria canadensis, is a western medicinal roots and rhizomes. The plant is widely distributed in Canada and United states. Sanguinarine, a quartenary ammonium major alkaloid of Sanguinaria, has broad antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. Its dried roots and rhizomes are popular for its emetic and expectorant properties and remarkably used as antimicrobial agent. Sanguinarine is widely used commercially in toothpastes and mouthwashes as an antiplaque agent. Crude methanolic extract of red root showed antithrombin, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities and its potent activity against Mycobacterium aurum, with MIC values of 62.5 µg/mL proved it a valuable anti-tubercular drug. Chelerythrine chloride was the most active among all with IC₅₀ value of 14.3 µg/mL against M. bovis BCG. Inhibition of Collagenase and bone resorption has been documented, invitro. Sanguinaria canadensis exract and Sanguinaria alkaloids were also tested against H. pylori with significant activity. Its burning capability is used in Homeopathic system of medicine and is indicated there in the ailments of respiratory tract. Sanguinarine has a use in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis and this use is accepted by FDA. In low doses the use of these alkaloids is safe and therapeutic but they are toxic at higher doses.