A Reduction of the Half-Wave Voltage for Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Mach-Zehnder Modulator

Abstract

In this research, it proposes theoretically model to controlling on half-wave voltage of modulator, in which it uses studying the factor of effective of refractive index difference, this using analysis distribution of refractive index for LN material before and after voltage is applied (i.e., with and without applied voltage), and uses analysis a factor of propagation constant difference ??, before and after voltage is applied where it depends on the wavelength, these leads to it controls on the half-wave voltage V? using a reduction half-wave voltage up to 1V. Also, it achieves an excellent solution for solve the fundamental optical mode with effective factor is n_eff. Finally, the modulator with an effect effective refractive index difference have lower applied voltage up to 10V, and with an effective propagation constant difference the operating voltage is from value of 20V.